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Yad Vashem Photo Archives, FA268/138
Yad Vashem Photo Archives, 109D07
Yad Vashem Photo Archives, 5816/3
Yad Vashem Photo Archives, 1249/12
Yad Vashem Photo Archives, FA58/24
When Eva Movdal and her family were deported from Transylvania, 8 year-old Eva took her doll Gerta with her. Eva and her mother were sent to prison. Her father was in a different prison, but managed to organize a safe haven for them in the Romanian embassy in Budapest, where they were transferred. After the war, she learned that her father had been killed while attempting to escape.
Yad Vashem Artifacts Collection
Donated by Éva Modvál-Haimovich, Israel
Paul, the sole survivor, returned home where he found the mirror with his late wife’s relatives.
Yad Vashem Artifacts Collection
Donated by Katy Sivan, Holon, Israel
The hair of 12 year-old Lili had not been cut since her early childhood. When she and her family were forced to leave their home in Târgu-Mureş and move to the ghetto, Lili’s mother, Rivka, knew she would not be able to care properly for her daughter’s hair in the ghetto. Chopping off Lili’s two long, beautiful braids, she promised that they would be given to the neighbors for safekeeping.Within six weeks, Lili and her mother were murdered at Auschwitz.
Yad Vashem Artifacts Collection
Donated by Dr. Yitzhak Hirsch, Kiryat Haim, Israel
In the center are photographs of Yeshayahu and Esther, and the twelve children’s photos are pasted around the face of the watch in order of birth.On the eve of the family’s deportation, he entrusted the watch to a Christian friend. Isaiah and his wife Esther, along with four of their children and four grandchildren, were murdered immediately upon their arrival in Auschwitz.
Collection of the Yad Vashem Art Museum, Jerusalem
Gift of the artist
Collection of the Yad Vashem Art Museum, Jerusalem
The Fascist elements in Hungary enjoyed broad popular support and Miklos Horthy’s dictatorial government concluded an alliance with Nazi Germany. Antisemitic legislation was passed and more than 100,000 Jewish men were mobilized for forced labor, in which approximately 40,000 perished.
When Hungary joined the war against the Allies, nearly 20,000 Jews from Kamenetz-Podolsk who held Polish or Soviet citizenship were turned over to the Germans and murdered. However, the extermination phase in Hungary only began later, after the Nazi invasion in March 1944. Until then Horthy refused to succumb to Hitler’s pressure to hand over the Jews. At this time there were more than 800,000 Jews living in Hungary, as a result of annexations of regions from Slovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. In May 1944 the deportations to Auschwitz began. In just eight weeks, some 424,000 Jews were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. After October 1944, when the Arrow Cross party came to power, thousands of Jews from Budapest were murdered on the banks of the Danube and tens of thousands were marched hundreds of miles towards the Austrian border. In all, some 565,000 Hungarian Jews were murdered.
